Iceberg Model
Purpose
Look below events to patterns, structures and mental models
How to Use
1. Introduce the Iceberg Model: visible events at the surface, patterns of behaviour below, systemic structures below that, and mental models at the deepest level. 2. Present a visible problem or event as the starting point. 3. Ask: 'What pattern of behaviour creates this event repeatedly?' 4. Ask: 'What structural feature (incentives, flows, feedback loops) sustains that pattern?' 5. Ask: 'What assumptions or beliefs underpin the structure?' 6. Identify leverage points at the structural and mental model levels.
Created by Various (systems thinking tradition; popularised by Donella Meadows, Peter Senge)
When to Use
This tool is suited to the following coaching and facilitation contexts:
| Context | Relevant |
|---|---|
| Individual Coaching | |
| Team Coaching | |
| Leadership Development | |
| Facilitation / Workshop | |
| Online / Virtual |